REGULATION OF NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) BY GROWTH REGULATORS

The effect of three growth regulators, namely kinetin, 6 benzyl adenine, 2 chloro ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride at three concentrations (10-6 M, 5 x 10-5 M 10-4 M) was studied on the catalytic activity of nitrate reductase in green and etiolated seedlings. A concentration of 5 x 10-5 M was optimal for all the growth regulators treatments. All the growth regulators stimulated nitrate reductase activity effectively at 5 x 10-5M concentration in both etiolated and green seedlings and had an additive effect when supplemented by NO-3 up to 140% to 160%. The 99.2% and 93.4% inhibition of nitrate reductase activity resulted in development of etiolated and green seedlings, respectively when treated with eukaryotic 80S ribosome protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Prokaryotic 70S inhibitor chloromphenicol did not have any effect on measured parameters. Actinomycin D, a RNA synthesis inhibitor also inhibited the enzyme activity as 80s inhibitors (Green 80%, etiolated 98%). One may suggest from this that both DNA and protein synthesis are involved in the induction of nitrate reductase activity. The differential effect of aminoacids was observed on enzyme activity in combination with growth regulators

Presence of woman in the literary works of women writers

In this era where short story genre is spreading and increasing, most of the women writers have mentioned the presence of women in their literary works. Women hold an indispensable place in this society, but it can be seen that they suffer mentally and physically which are also reflected in the short stories of women writers. Tamil literature, to this day continues to express life or lifestyle. In this way, in the short story genre, the essence of the story is to depict a small part of life or a small event. Although women writers choose the plot of the story like other writers, the reason for the presence of woman is because they themselves are women. Women writers reveal the sufferings and the injustices against women albeit they emphasize their pleasures to a lesser extent. A man and a woman come together. They also bring out the evils of women working against women. Women writers bring out the frustrations of women psychologically and casually. Women writers bring out the injustices against women in every era, how the family and society she depends on are responsible for her wrong decisions, and also insist that women too have heart, longings and expectations through the female characters in their short stories. A woman suffers in every phase of her life because of her dependents, the social view that women are the only ones to make mistakes, and she tries to escape from it, and finally the situations where life itself is questioned, and the crimes committed by men depend on women. Let's explore the presence of women in the works of women writers through the collection called "Meethamirukum Sorkal"

REGULATION OF NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) BY GROWTH REGULATORS

The effect of three growth regulators, namely kinetin, 6 benzyl adenine, 2 chloro ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride at three concentrations (10-6 M, 5 x 10-5 M 10-4 M) was studied on the catalytic activity of nitrate reductase in green and etiolated seedlings. A concentration of 5 x 10-5 M was optimal for all the growth regulators treatments. All the growth regulators stimulated nitrate reductase activity effectively at 5 x 10-5M concentration in both etiolated and green seedlings and had an additive effect when supplemented by NO-3 up to 140% to 160%. The 99.2% and 93.4% inhibition of nitrate reductase activity resulted in development of etiolated and green seedlings, respectively when treated with eukaryotic 80S ribosome protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Prokaryotic 70S inhibitor chloromphenicol did not have any effect on measured parameters. Actinomycin D, a RNA synthesis inhibitor also inhibited the enzyme activity as 80s inhibitors (Green 80%, etiolated 98%). One may suggest from this that both DNA and protein synthesis are involved in the induction of nitrate reductase activity. The differential effect of aminoacids was observed on enzyme activity in combination with growth regulators

A Study on Aerobic Bacterial and Fungal Isolates in Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Totally 100 samples of Bronchoalveolar fluid were analysed in detail. Bacterial and fungal isolates were found in 60 (60%) samples. • Male preponderance of lower respiratory tract infections was observed in this study. • The age group most commonly affected was between 41-60 years. • Pneumonia was found to be the most common lower respiratory tract infection. • Majority of the isolates were bacterial (78.3%) with gram negative bacilli (68.1%) being the most common. • Among the gram negative bacilli, Klebsiella spp. (Klebsiella pneumonia and Klebsiella oxytoca) (33.3%) was the most common followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumanii (16.7% each). • Fungal isolates were less common (21.7%). The predominant fungal isolate was Candida albicans followed by Aspergillus spp. • Acid Fast Bacilli were found in 11% of the total samples. • All the bacterial isolates were sensitivie to Imipenem and majority of the isolates were sensitive to Amikacin. • Among the Staphylococcus aureus, 33.3% was methicillin sensitive and 66.7% was methicillin resistant. • All the 4 MRSA strains were sensitive to Vancomycin. • The incidence of ESBL producing Klebsiella spp. was 33.3% and Escherichia coli was 20%. • All the isolates of Candida spp. were sensitive to Amphotericin B and Itraconazole. 66.7% of Candida tropicalis showed resistance to Flucanazole by Disc Diffusion method. • All the isolates of Aspergillus spp. were sensitive to Amphotericin B by Broth Microdilution method. • Gram’s stain and 10% KOH mount procedures were found to be highly sensitive as rapid screening tests for isolating the bacterial and fungal isolates in Bronchoalveolar lavage. CONCLUSION: Lower respiratory tract infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. But the etiological agents were not determined in 50% of cases despite extensive diagnostic testings. Nowadays, analysis of Bronchoalveolar lavage plays a definite role in diagnosing pulmonary infections. On analysing the BAL fluid, Klebsiella spp. and Candida spp. were the most common bacterial and fungal isolates respectively. From the present study, the vital role of microbiological analysis of BAL fluid is clearly evident since the clinical features alone are not adequate to confirm infections. A simple Gram’s stain and KOH preparation were highly beneficial as rapid screening tests for diagnosis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for the bacterial and fungal isolates. Precise identification of the causative organisms and timely institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on the prevailing sensitivity pattern of the bacterial and fungal isolates could reduce the morbidity and mortality of lower respiratory tract infections

Social Changes and Ecological Records in Poet Vairamuthu's Third World War Novel

Ever since the inception of Novel, its subject matter revolves around man and the society in which he lives. When Novels were dealing with human life and reflecting every facet of history, came poet Vairamuthu's 'Moondram Ulaga Por' discussing Globalization, Global warming and hurdles which are to be faced in the coming decades. This novel emphasis on the current farmer issues, water conservation ideas, protecting agricultural lands, the means by which people could take measures against global warming, the responsibility of every individual and society together with a note of warning. Emily and Ishimura being the central characters, this novel covers the issues across the globe from America's Louisiana Shore to Japan's Sendai Beach along with the chemical leakage in Karuthammaye well in Attanampatty village in Theni. The objective of this dissertation is to depict that the novel Moondram Ulaga Por insists the need to safeguard environment and to bring about the changes in the agriculture and gives the entire mankind a sheer warning to awake and the changes to be experienced by the posterity also shows how the world is amazed at the knowledge, wisdom and hardwork of Tamil people

Ayurvedic Management of Dry Eye Sydrome - A Case Study

Dry eye syndrome is a common condition that results from reduced tear production or excessive tear evaporation or an abnormality in the production of mucus or lipids normally found in the tear layer or combination of these. If blinking is decreased or if the eyelids cannot be closed, they may dry out leading to dry eye. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation on the surface of the eye may occur of left untreated leading to pain, ulcers or scars on the cornea and loss of vision. Prevalence of dry eye range from 5% to 35% worldwide while in India it is 29.25%. Tear substitute are the only treatment modality with modern medicine, only providing symptomatic relief. Ayurveda describes similar condition called Sushkakshi Paka and this patient was treated with Tarpana and Nasya with Jeevantyadi Ghrit

Balanced rank distribution labeling of ladder graphs, complete graphs and complete bipartite graphs

A balanced rank distribution labeling of a graph G of order n is a new kind of vertex labeling from {1, 2, 3, ..., k}(n = 6, complete graphs K-n for n >= 3 and complete bipartite graphs K-n/2,K-n/2 for even n >= 4 have been investigated and obtained the results on balanced rank distribution number (brd(G)) for the given graphs as follows: (i) brd(L-n/2) = 3n - 15, for even n >= 12 (ii) brd(K-n ) = n, for n >= 3 (iii) brd(K-n/2,K-n/2) = n, for even n >=

A Deep Learning Technique to Clinch the Detection of Parkinson’s Disease using Speech and Voice Attributes

Among the neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson’s Disease ranks second only to Alzheimer’s disease. Though extensive research is carried out in this area there have been no biomarker suggested. At present the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease progression is possible only through clinical examination and function symptoms observation. Voice impairment has been identified as an early marker for Parkinson’s Disease and hence the research in this field is gaining popularity. Machine Learning algorithms have proved useful in analyzing the enormous data with high dimensionality. But this has not been successful in extricating features that will have a strong correlation in predicting the disease accurately. This calls for a more effective and powerful technique like Deep Learning that uses deep neural networks that can select the optimal features and can contribute in the identification of the disease. In this paper an initial step was made by designing an Artificial Neural Network model. This yielded a train and test accuracy more than ninety-nine percentage and seventy-five percentage respectively for classifying the disease but showed overfitting problem which resulted in a decrease in the performance. Hence, the Artificial Neural Network model was hyper-tuned to reduce this problem and there was a slight improvement in the performance. Two methods were employed for optimization – a regularization method early stop and another validation method called Stratified K -Fold Cross Validation. Among these the second approach showed better results by slightly reducing the overfitting issue and it yielded a train and test accuracy score of approximately ninety-nine percentage and ninety-seven percentage with K-fold as five and Stochastic Gradient Descent as the optimizer. Even though the results were promising it was unable to unravel the prime attributes that would eventually identify the disease

Morals in Short Stories by Tamil Women Authors

All literatures is an expression of the emotions of the creators.  They vary from person to person due to various factors such as the creator’s mindset, expressiveness, language style, storytelling style, etc.  It is essential that literature changes with time and that literature reflects the context of the time.  In this way, the authors create literature using the experiences they have seen, heard, and heard in their lives as the core of their stories.  From that time to this time, women creators have been posting their ideas through writings on this website.  Short story literature is a genre of literature that emerged in Tamil according to the context of the time due to the arrival of Europeans.  Short story literature in Tamil is flourishing today.  Even though short stories are small in structure, the content the creators set within them is large.  Human life in this interdependent world is intertwined with feelings like hatred and anger that arise within a human being.  The reason for these human feelings is due to the influences of the family, society, etc, that he lives in.  In the short stories of women writers, it is unique to vividly tell the problems and shortcomings of the family, society, etc., on which humans live.  From that period to this period, the short stories of women writers are mostly centered on family and society, and the hardships and emotional distress experienced by women in the family and society, and the hardships and emotional distress experienced by women in the family and sociedy, and the ways in which women deal with the situation, have been set in line with the period when literature arose.  Family is the organization that connects individuals and collectives like society, nation, world.  It can be said that most of the short stories are written centered on women because women are indispensable in the family.  Events based on family or society form the core of short stories are written centered on women because women are indispensable in the family.  Events based on family or society form the core of short story literature.  Expressing individual feelings such as likes and dislikes through short stories, highlighting the mass and defects of the family or society, sowing changes in the society and guiding them are the literary norms of women writers.  This method is to exemplify their morals through the short stories of Ambai, Damayanti, Sudamani, Anuttama, Vasanthi and Nirmala Raghavan